English irregular plurals

What is the rule for understanding English irregular plurals?
Is easy but no fixed rule. However, there are plenty of things to learn including irregular shapes.


1. Regular plurals in English
Usually added an 's' to make regular plurals in English. How easy!
The rule is - 'S'.
Examples:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
House	Houses	Casa	Casas
Car	Cars	Coche	Coches
Brother	Brothers	Hermano	Hermanos
Sister	Sisters	Hermana	Hermanas
Friend	Friends	Amigo/a	Amigos/as
Book	Books	Libro	Libros
Television	Televisions	Televisión	Televisiones
Plant	Plants	Planta	Plantas
Blanket	Blankets	Manta	Mantas
School	Schools	Escuela	Escuelas

2. English irregular plurals - end with 'Y'
There are exceptions and when plural nouns ending with 'y', we have to change the 'y' to 'ies'.
The rule is - 'ies'.
Example:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Family	Families	Familia	Familias
Party	Parties	Fiesta	Fiestas
Puppy	Puppies	Cachorro	Cachorros
Library	Libraries	Biblioteca	Bibliotecas
Country	Countries	País	Países
Baby	Babies	Bebé	Bebés
Sky	Skies	Cielo	Cielos
Lady	Ladies	Señora	Señoras
Fly	Flies	Mosca	Moscas
Company	Companies	Empresa	Empresas

3. Irregular plurals - ending in "ch, x, s, sh"...
There, irregular plural nouns when ending in "ch, x, s, sh" or sounds like "z and s", form plurals but adding "es" at the end of the word.

The rule is - 'es'.

*But in the case of nouns ending with a single 'z', the plural is formed by adding '-zes' at the end of the word.

Example:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Church	Churches	Iglesia	Iglesias
Lunch	Lunches	Comida	Comidas
Match	Matches	Partido	Partidos
Ash	Ashes	Ceniza	Cenizas
Fox	Foxes	Zorra	Zorras
Box	Boxes	Caja	Cajas
Class	Classes	Clase	Clases
Gas	Gases	Gas	Gases
Bush	Bushes	Arbusto	Arbustos
Quiz*	Quizzes	Pasatiempo	Pasatiempos

3. Irregular plurals - common mistakes
To create other irregular plural nouns do not add the letter 's'. Sometimes we need to add or remove other letters, or the same word can be sometimes. Below is a list of the most common mistakes of irregular plurals in English:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Child	Children	Niño	Niños
Man	Men	Hombre	Hombres
Woman	Women	Mujer	Mujeres
Person	People	Persona	Personas
Foot	Feet	Pie	Pies
Tooth	Teeth	Diente	Dientes
Mouse	Mice	Ratón	Ratones
Species	Species	Especie	Especies
Sheep	Sheep	Oveja	Ovejas
Fish	Fish	Pez	Peces

There are other rules for English irregular plurals that are important but less common than the above examples:

5. Irregular plurals - ending in "f'" or "fe"

When irregular plural nouns ending in '"f" or "fe" the change by "v" or "ve" before adding 's'.
Examples:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Wolf	Wolves	Lobo	Lobos
Life	Lives	Vida	Vidas
Thief	Thieves	Ladrón	Ladrones
Knife	Knives	Cuchillo	Cuchillos
Shelf	Shelves	Estante	Estantes
Half	Halves	Mitad	Mitades
Leaf	Leaves	Hoja	Hojas
Wife	Wives	Esposa	Esposas
Elf	Elves	Elfo	Elfos
Dwarf	Dwarves	Enano	Enanos

6. Irregular plurals - ending in "o"
Most nouns ending in "o" in the plural forms change to "es".
Examples:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Tomato	Tomatoes	Tomate	Tomates
Potato	Potatoes	Patata	Patatas
Volcano	Volcanoes	Volcán	Volcanes
Hero	Heroes	Héroe	Héroes
Zero	Zeroes	Cero	Ceros
Mango	Mangoes	Mango	Mangos
Hippopotamus	Hippopotamuses*	Hipopótamo	Hipopótamos

* Also the way America Hippopotami

7. Irregular plurals - 'new words' in English
But 'new words' in English, we use the 's' no 'e' to form the plural, as the regulars.
Examples:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Piano	Pianos	Piano	Pianos
Photo	Photos	Foto	Fotos
Casino	Casinos	Casino	Casinos
Kangaroo	Kangaroos	Canguro	Canguros
Ratio	Ratios	Ratio	Ratios
Patio	Patios	Patio	Patios
Pistachio	Pistachios	Pistacho	Pistachos

8. Plurals 'irregular' - that have no singular forms
We irregular plurals in English that are irregular in the sense that no singular forms, but there is the singular form in Spanish.
Examples:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
Species	Species	Especie	Especies
Deer	Deer	Ciervo	Ciervos
Salmon	Salmon	Salmón	Salmones
Series	Series	Serie	Series
Means	Means	Medio	Medios
Moose	Moose	Alce	Alces
Trout	Trout	Trucha	Truchas
Cod	Cod	Bacalao	Bacalaos
Squid	Squid	Calamar	Calamares
Monkfish	Monkfish	Rape	Rapes

This rule also works with the nationalities, but as adjectives.
Examples:

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
English	English	Inglés	Ingleses
Spanish	Spanish	Español	Españoles
American	American	Americano	Americanos
French	French	Francés	Franceses
Mexican	Mexican	Mejicano	Mejicanos
Colombian	Colombian	Colombiano	Colombianos
Australian	Australian	Australiano	Australianos
German	German	Alemán	Alemanes
Portuguese	Portuguese	Portugués	Portugueses
Chinese	Chinese	Chino	Chinos

8. Plurals 'irregular' - The clothing and food (uncountable nouns)
There are many examples in English when we talk about an article in the plural when in fact the garment is unique because there is no singular form. The reason is that the nouns are uncountable.

Singular inglés	Plural inglés	Singular español	Plural español
X	Trousers	Pantalón	Pantalones
X	Pyjamas	Pijama	Pijamas
X	Shorts	Pantalón Corto	Pantalones Cortos
X	Knickers	Braga	Bragas
X	Tights	X	Medias
Rice	X	Arroz	Arroces
Bread	X	Pan	Panes
Water	X	Agua	Aguas
Pasta	X	Pasta	Pastas
Toast	X	Tostada	Tostadas

9. Plurals 'irregular' - Subjects in school / college
And finally, there are two specific examples where in English we use the plural form, as in Spanish, using the singular form - Subjects in school / college.
Examples:

English English Singular Plural Singular Plural Spanish Spanish
Economics - Económicas
Physics -  Física

10. Plurals 'irregular' - Families and names
Are Spanish people use the plural form of the article with the surname in the singular form, but in English it's the opposite:
Examples:

We're going to meet the Robinsons tomorrow.
Vamos a quedarnos con los Robinson mañana.

The Browns are very good neighbors.
Los Brown son muy buenos vecinos.